
This tutorial will help you get started with Next.js for Drupal using the [`DrupalClient`](/docs/client) and **GraphQL**.

<Callout>

For **JSON:API**, see the [JSON:API quick start guide](/learn/quick-start).

</Callout>

You will learn how to setup Drupal and connect a Next.js site to display your content.

Let's get started!


Introduction


Start by creating a new site and adding the [Next.js](https://drupal.org/project/next) module.

## Install Drupal

<Callout>

If you have an existing Drupal site, you can skip to the next part.

</Callout>

Start by creating a new Drupal site using composer.

```sh
composer create-project drupal/recommended-project drupal-site
```

Once this is done, you can open the site and proceed with installation, using the "Standard" profile.

---

## Add Next.js module

Run the following command to install the Next.js module and dependencies:

```sh
composer require drupal/next
```

## Add GraphQL modules

Run the following command to install GraphQL and GraphQL Compose modules:

```sh
composer require 'drupal/graphql:^4.4' 'drupal/graphql_compose:^1.0@beta'
```


Install Drupal


<Callout>

In a future release, these patches will NOT be required for using Next.js and GraphQL.

</Callout>

At the time of this writing, there are two patches we need to wire everything together.

1. Open your Drupal `composer.json` file.
2. Add the following patches under `"extra"`.

```json title=composer.json
"extra": {
		// highlight-start
    "patches": {
        "drupal/subrequests": {
            "Get same results on different request": "https://www.drupal.org/files/issues/2019-07-18/change_request_type-63049395-09.patch"
        },
        "drupal/decoupled_router": {
            "Unable to resolve path on node in other language than default": "https://www.drupal.org/files/issues/2022-11-30/decouple_router-3111456-resolve-language-issue-58.patch"
        }
    },
		// highlight-end
}
```

<Callout>

**Note:** If you're not using multilingual features such as translation, you can skip the second patch.

</Callout>

3. Run the following command:

```sh
composer require cweagans/composer-patches
```

You can read more about the patches here:

1. https://www.drupal.org/project/subrequests/issues/3049395
2. https://www.drupal.org/project/decoupled_router/issues/3111456


Apply Patches


1. Visit `/admin/modules`.
2. Enable the following modules: **Next.js** and **Next.js GraphQL**.

## Try GraphQL

If you visit `/admin/config/graphql/servers/manage/graphql_compose_server/explorer` on your site, you should see an example server created for you.

You can start testing GraphQL queries. Let's make our first request to fetch the first 5 articles.

Copy and paste the following in the query textbox and click run.

```graphql
query Articles {
  nodeArticles(first: 5) {
    nodes {
      title
    }
  }
}
```

You should see the first 5 articles returned on the right.


Enable Modules


To make GraphQL requests to your Drupal site, we need to configure [authentication](/docs/authentication).

We will use an OAuth Client for authenticating GraphQL requests.

Before we can create an OAuth consumer, we need to create a new role and a user for OAuth scopes.

---

## 1. Create Role

1. Visit `/admin/people/roles`.
2. Click on **+ Add role**.
3. Fill in the **Role name**. Example: _Next.js Site_.

---

## 2. Assign Permissions

Next, assign the following permissions to the newly created role.

- GraphQL Compose - Server: Execute arbitrary requests

---

## 3. Create User

Add a new user at `/admin/people/create` and **assign them the role we created above**.

---

## 4. Generate keys

Generate a pair of keys to encrypt the access tokens. Store them outside of your document root (`web` directory) for security.

1. Visit `/admin/config/people/simple_oauth`
2. Click **Generate keys** to generate encryption keys for tokens
3. Fill in **Directory for the keys**. For example a relative path like `../`
4. Click **Generate**
5. Click **Save configuration**

You can also use `openssl` to generate keys in the directory you used above:

```
openssl genrsa -out private.key 2048
openssl rsa -in private.key -pubout > public.key
```

---

## 5. Create Consumer

1. Visit _/admin/config/services/consumer/add_
2. Fill in the following values:

- **Label**: `Next.js site`
- **User**: `Select the user we created`
- **Secret**: `Your secret`
- **Scopes**: `Select the role we created`

3. Click **Save**

_Important: note the client id (uuid) and the secret. These are going to be used as environment variables for the Next.js site._


Configure Authentication


Let's configure path aliases for the **Article** content type.

1. Visit `/admin/config/search/path/patterns/add`.
2. Fill in the following values:

- **Pattern type**: `Content`
- **Path pattern**: `blog/[node:title]`
- **Content type**: `Article`
- **Label**: `Article`

3. Click **Save**

<Img
  src="/images/next-drupal-pathauto.jpg"
  width="600"
  height="420"
  layout="responsive"
  mb="10"
/>

Done. You have completed the Drupal configuration.


Configure Path Aliases


Now that we have completed the Drupal configuration, we can create our Next.js project.

We are going to use the [GraphQL starter](https://github.com/chapter-three/next-drupal/tree/master/starters/graphql-starter).

---

## Create Project

Run the following command to create a new Next.js project:

```sh
npx create-next-app -e https://github.com/chapter-three/next-drupal-graphql-starter
```

---

## Connect Drupal

To connect the Next.js project to Drupal, we use [environment variables](https://nextjs.net.cn/docs/basic-features/environment-variables).

1. Copy `.env.example` to `.env.local`.
2. Fill in the following **Environment variables**:

```txt title=.env.local
NEXT_PUBLIC_DRUPAL_BASE_URL=http://example.com
NEXT_IMAGE_DOMAIN=example

# Authentication
DRUPAL_CLIENT_ID=
DRUPAL_CLIENT_SECRET=
```

---

## Start Development Server

To start the Next.js development server, run `npm run dev` or `yarn dev`. This starts the development server on `https://:3000`.

Visit [https://:3000](https://:3000) to view the site.


Create Next.js project


You can now ready to create content.

Add a new article on your Drupal site and refresh your Next.js site to see the published article.


Create Content


Congratulations. You have successfully install, configure and connect a Next.js site to Drupal. 🎉

---

## What's Next?

Take a look at the [documentation](/docs) to learn more about decoupling Drupal with Next.js.

---

## Need help?

We understand there's more than a few steps to properly configure Next.js for Drupal.

It is built this way for flexibility.

With the current setup, you can easily configure one Drupal backend and serve multiple Next.js sites (content hub).

You maintain control on which content is pushed to which sites and how.

If you need help, feel free to create an issue on [GitHub](https://github.com/chapter-three/next-drupal).

You can also reach out on [Twitter](https://twitter.com/shadcn).


Done

Quick Start (GraphQL)


This tutorial will help you get started with Next.js for Drupal using the [`DrupalClient`](/docs/client) and **JSON:API**.

<Callout>

For **GraphQL**, see the [GraphQL quick start guide](/learn/graphql).

</Callout>

You will learn how to setup Drupal and connect a Next.js site to display your content.

Let's get started!



Start by creating a new site and adding the [Next.js](https://drupal.org/project/next) module.

## Install Drupal

<Callout>

If you have an existing Drupal site, you can skip to the next part.

</Callout>

Start by creating a new Drupal site using composer.

```sh
composer create-project drupal/recommended-project drupal-site
```

Once this is done, you can open the site and proceed with installation, using the "Standard" profile.

If you want to install the Umami demo experience instead, please see the <a href="/guides/umami-demo">Umami Demo Guide</a>.

---

## Add Next.js module

Run the following command to install the Next.js module and dependencies.

```sh
composer require drupal/next
```



At the time of this writing, there are two patches we need to wire everything together.

1. Open your Drupal `composer.json` file.
2. Add the following patches under `"extra"`.

```json title=composer.json
"extra": {
		// highlight-start
    "patches": {
        "drupal/subrequests": {
            "Get same results on different request": "https://www.drupal.org/files/issues/2019-07-18/change_request_type-63049395-09.patch"
        },
        "drupal/decoupled_router": {
            "Unable to resolve path on node in other language than default": "https://www.drupal.org/files/issues/2022-11-30/decouple_router-3111456-resolve-language-issue-58.patch"
        }
    },
		// highlight-end
}
```

<Callout>

**Note:** If you're not using multilingual features such as translation, you can skip the second patch.

</Callout>

3. Run the following command:

```sh
composer require cweagans/composer-patches
```

You can read more about the patches here:

1. https://www.drupal.org/project/subrequests/issues/3049395
2. https://www.drupal.org/project/decoupled_router/issues/3111456



1. Visit `/admin/modules`.
2. Enable the following modules: **Next.js** and **Next.js JSON:API**.



The `next-drupal` plugin uses paths to resolve resources for `getStaticProps`. To make this work, we need to configure path aliases for our content types.

Let's add a pattern for the **Article** content type.

1. Visit `/admin/config/search/path/patterns/add`.
2. Fill in the following values:

- **Pattern type**: `Content`
- **Path pattern**: `blog/[node:title]`
- **Content type**: `Article`
- **Label**: `Article`

3. Click **Save**

<Img
  src="/images/next-drupal-pathauto.jpg"
  width="600"
  height="420"
  layout="responsive"
  mb="10"
/>

Done. You have completed the Drupal configuration.



Now that we have completed the Drupal configuration, we can create our Next.js project.

We are going to use the [basic starter](https://github.com/chapter-three/next-drupal/tree/master/starters/basic-starter).

---

## Create Project

Run the following command to create a new Next.js project:

```sh
npx create-next-app -e https://github.com/chapter-three/next-drupal-basic-starter
```

---

## Connect Drupal

To connect the Next.js project to Drupal, we use [environment variables](https://nextjs.net.cn/docs/basic-features/environment-variables).

1. Copy `.env.example` to `.env.local`.
2. Fill in the following **Environment variables**:

```txt title=.env.local
NEXT_PUBLIC_DRUPAL_BASE_URL=http://example.com
NEXT_IMAGE_DOMAIN=example
```

---

## Start Development Server

To start the Next.js development server, run `npm run dev` or `yarn dev`. This starts the development server on `https://:3000`.

Visit [https://:3000](https://:3000) to view the site.



Congratulations. You have successfully install, configure and connect a Next.js site to Drupal. 🎉

---

## What's next?

Take a look at the [documentation](/docs) to learn more about decoupling Drupal with Next.js.

---

## Need help?

We understand there's more than a few steps to properly configure Next.js for Drupal.

It is built this way for flexibility.

With the current setup, you can easily configure one Drupal backend and serve multiple Next.js sites (content hub).

You maintain control on which content is pushed to which sites and how.

If you need help, feel free to create an issue on [GitHub](https://github.com/chapter-three/next-drupal).

You can also reach out on [Twitter](https://twitter.com/shadcn).


Quick Start


The Next.js module, paired with the `next-drupal` plugin, makes it easy to create [Next.js preview routes](https://nextjs.net.cn/docs/advanced-features/preview-mode).

To handle preview routes, we need to create a Next.js site on Drupal and configure authentication.


Preview Mode


Start by creating a Next.js site so that we can render the preview on Drupal.

1. Visit `/admin/config/services/next`.
2. Click **Add Next.js site**.
3. Fill in the following values:

- **Label**: `Next.js`
- **Base URL**: `https://:3000`
- **Preview URL**: `https://:3000/api/preview`
- **Preview secret**: `secret`

<Callout>

As from `next-drupal 1.5`, encrypted secrets are automatically generated and validated by the Next module.

</Callout>

4. Click **Save**


Create Next.js site


Before we can create an OAuth consumer, we need to create a new role and a user for OAuth scopes.

<Callout>

As from `next-drupal 1.5`, user roles are used for OAuth scopes. The scopes are automatically handled for the preview based on the currently logged in user.

</Callout>

---

## 1. Create Role

1. Visit `/admin/people/roles`.
2. Click on **+ Add role**.
3. Fill in the **Role name**. Example: _Next.js Site_.

---

## 2. Assign Permissions

Next, assign the following permissions to the newly created role.

- Bypass content access control
- Issue subrequests
- View user information

<Callout>

We are assigning the _Bypass content access control_ permission to allow Next.js to access unpublished content and revisions.

This scope is only going to be used when making authenticated requests from Next.js to Drupal.

```ts
const articles = await drupal.getResource(
  "node--article",
  "dad82fe9-f2b7-463e-8c5f-02f73018d6cb",
  // highlight-start
  {
    withAuth: true,
  }
  // highlight-end
)
```

</Callout>

---

## 3. Create User

Add a new user at `/admin/people/create` and **assign them all the roles that are going to be used for scopes, including the administrator role and the role we created above**.

---

## 4. Generate keys

Generate a pair of keys to encrypt the tokens. Store them outside of your document root (`web` directory) for security.

1. Visit `/admin/config/people/simple_oauth`
2. Click **Generate keys** to generate encryption keys for tokens
3. Fill in **Directory for the keys**. For example a relative path like `../`
4. Click **Generate**
5. Click **Save configuration**

You can also use `openssl` to generate keys in the directory you used above:

```
openssl genrsa -out private.key 2048
openssl rsa -in private.key -pubout > public.key
```

---

## 5. Create Consumer

1. Visit _/admin/config/services/consumer/add_
2. Fill in the following values:

- **Label**: `Next.js site`
- **User**: `Select the user we created`
- **Secret**: `Your secret`
- **Scopes**: `Select the role we created`

3. Click **Save**

_Important: note the client id (uuid) and the secret. These are going to be used as environment variables for the Next.js site._

---

## 6. Connect Drupal

To connect the Next.js project to Drupal, we use [environment variables](https://nextjs.net.cn/docs/basic-features/environment-variables).

Fill in the following variables in your `.env.local` file.

```txt title=.env.local
# Authentication (Bearer)
DRUPAL_CLIENT_ID=
DRUPAL_CLIENT_SECRET=
```

---

## 7. Update DrupalClient

Update the `DrupalClient` to use the **Bearer** authentication header.

```ts title=lib/drupal.ts
import { DrupalClient } from "next-drupal"

export const drupal = new DrupalClient(
  process.env.NEXT_PUBLIC_DRUPAL_BASE_URL,
  {
    auth: {
      clientId: process.env.DRUPAL_CLIENT_ID,
      clientSecret: process.env.DRUPAL_CLIENT_SECRET,
    },
  }
)
```


Create OAuth Client


Implement preview mode using two API routes.

<Callout>

If you're using the Basic Starter, preview routes are already created for you.

</Callout>

## /pages/api/preview.ts

```ts title=pages/api/preview.ts
import { NextApiRequest, NextApiResponse } from "next"

import { drupal } from "lib/drupal"

export default async function handler(
  request: NextApiRequest,
  response: NextApiResponse
) {
  return await drupal.preview(request, response)
}
```

---

## /pages/api/exit-preview.ts

```ts title=pages/api/exit-preview.ts
import { NextApiResponse } from "next"

export default function exit(_, response: NextApiResponse) {
  response.clearPreviewData()
  response.writeHead(307, { Location: "/" })
  response.end()
}
```


Configure Preview Routes


Next, we need to configure preview mode for the content types. This will display an inline preview in an iframe when you visit the content pages.

---

## Configure Preview

To enable content preview inside Drupal, we need to configure a site resolver for the **Article** content type.

<Callout>

A _site resolver_ tells Drupal how to resolve the preview URL for an entity.

</Callout>

1. Visit `/admin/config/services/next/entity-types`
2. Click **Configure entity type**
3. Select **Article** from the the entity type list
4. Select **Site selector** as the **Site resolver**
5. Select **your site** under **Next.js sites**
6. Click **Save**

<Img
  src="/images/next-drupal-configure-entity-type.jpg"
  width="600"
  height="350"
  layout="responsive"
  mb="8"
/>


Configure Content Types


Congratulations. You have successfully configured preview mode for your content types.

You should see the iframe preview when you visit your content pages.

If you need help, feel free to create an issue on [GitHub](https://github.com/chapter-three/next-drupal).

You can also reach out on [Twitter](https://twitter.com/shadcn).



[On-demand Revalidation](https://nextjs.net.cn/docs/basic-features/data-fetching/incremental-static-regeneration#on-demand-revalidation) makes it easy to update your Next.js site when content on Drupal is created, updated or deleted.

Starting with `v1.6.0`, Next.js for Drupal supports On-demand Revalidation configurable per entity types.



Vist your Next.js site configuration page on Drupal to configure on-demand revalidation.

1. Visit `/admin/config/services/next`.
2. Click **Edit** next to your site.
3. Click **On-demand Revalidation**.
4. Fill in the following values:

- **Revalidate URL**: `https://:3000/api/revalidate`
- **Revalidate secret**: `secret`

5. Click **Save**


Configure Next.js site


Next, we need to configure on-demand revalidation for the entity types.

To enable on-demand revalidation for an entity type, we need to configure a **revalidator** plugin.

<Callout>

A _revalidator_ tells Drupal how to revalidate an entity when it is created, updated or deleted.

</Callout>

1. Visit `/admin/config/services/next/entity-types`
2. Click **Configure entity type** or **Edit** an existing one
3. Click **On-demand Revalidation**
4. Select **Path** as the revalidator **Plugin**
5. Check **Revalidate page**
6. Click **Save**

If you want to revalidate multiple pages, you can configure **Additional paths**. Example: you might want to revalidate the `/blog` landing page when an Article is created.


Configure Entity Types


Implement on-demand revalidation using an API routes at `/revalidate`.

<Callout>

If you're using the Basic Starter, revalidate route are already created for you. You can skip this step.

</Callout>

## /pages/api/revalidate.ts

```ts title=pages/api/revalidate.ts
import { NextApiRequest, NextApiResponse } from "next"

export default async function handler(
  request: NextApiRequest,
  response: NextApiResponse
) {
  let slug = request.query.slug as string
  const secret = request.query.secret as string

  // Validate secret.
  if (secret !== process.env.DRUPAL_REVALIDATE_SECRET) {
    return response.status(401).json({ message: "Invalid secret." })
  }

  // Validate slug.
  if (!slug) {
    return response.status(400).json({ message: "Invalid slug." })
  }

  try {
    await response.revalidate(slug)

    return response.json({})
  } catch (error) {
    return response.status(404).json({
      message: error.message,
    })
  }
}
```


Configure Revalidate Route


Congratulations. You have successfully configured on-demand revalidation for your entity types.

When you create, update or delete an entity in Drupal, your Next.js site will be revalidated to show the updates.

---

## What's next?

On-demand Revalidation is built on top of Drupal's Events API and Revalidator plugins.

If you'd like to customize, extend or provide your own revalidator plugin, see the documentation [here](/docs/revalidator).

See also the [Entity Events documentation](/docs/entity-events).

---

## Need help?

If you need help, feel free to create an issue on [GitHub](https://github.com/chapter-three/next-drupal).

You can also reach out on [Twitter](https://twitter.com/shadcn).


入门

Drupal 客户端

使用 JSON:API

构建页面

自定义

参考

Drupal

配置路径别名